Tests😄

1. Barberios test ? Semen.

2. schik test ? C. Diphtheria.

3. Dick test ? Scarlet Fever.

4. florence test ? Semen.

5. Gettler test ? Drowning.

6. Dermal nitrate test? Gun powder.

7. Benzedine test ? old blood Stain.

8. Guthrie test?  PKU.

9. Rothera test ? Ketone Bodies.

10 . For Dna test , which tissue sample is taken in  autopsy?
b. spleen ✅

11. Confirmatory test for blood is ? Teichmann Test.

13. Marsh test ? Arsenic.

17. Gerhardts test? Ketone bodies in urine.

18.  Fouchets test/ Gmelin test  ?Bilirubin in Urine.

32. Casoni test ? Hydatis cyst.

33. Selivanoffs test ? Fructose in urine.

34. Xanthoproteic test ? Benzene Ring.

35 .Zwengers test ?Cholestrol.

40. Millons test?Phenol ( Tyrosine ).

41. Nitroprusside test ? Sulfhydryl test ( Cysteine).

42. Paulys test ?Imidazole ( Histidine ).

43. Sakaguchis test ? Guanidium (Arginine).

44. Ferric chloride test ?PKU.

37. Cyanide Nitroprusside test ? Homocystinuria.

38. A type of glucose tolerance test?
Exton Rose test.

39. Stengers test ? Malingering.

Onions of medicine😂

1. Onion skin appearance in kidney seen in
Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis
2. Onion skin like lesions due to arteritis seen
in Lyme’s and SLE
3. Onion skin fibrosis around bile ducts seen in
PSC
4. Onion skin pattern of deposition of reactive
bone in Ewing's Sarcoma
5. Onion bulb appearance in sural nerves seen
in CIDP due to recurrent demyelination and
remyelination

Bodies in diseases

Important bodies in pathology in various diseases::
1. Councilman bodies - hepatitis, yellow fever

2. Gamma gandy bodies - congestive splenomegaly

3. Negri bodies - rabies

4. Lewy bodies - Parkinson's disease

5. Hirano bodies - Alzheimer's disease

6. Ferruginous bodies - asbestosis

7. Asteroid bodies - sarcoidosis, sporotrichosis

8. Schaumann bodies - sarcoidosis

9. Verrocay bodies - schwannoma

10. Call exner bodies - granulosa cell Tumor

11. Schiller duval bodies - endodemal sinus Tumor

12. Ascoff bodies - rheumatic fever

13. Civatte body - lichen planus

14. Creola bodies - bronchial asthma

15. Donovan bodies - lymphogranuloma venerum

16. Henderson Peterson bodies - molluscum contagiosum

17. Michaelis guttmann body - malakoplakia

18. Pick bodies - pick disease

19. Zebra bodies - metachromatic leucodystrophy

20. Barr body - inactivated X chromosome

21. Kamino bodies - spitz naevus, malignant melanoma

22. Lafora bodies - myoclonic epilepsy

23. Heinz bodies - G6PD deficiency

24. Howell jolly bodies - post splenectomy, ineffective erythropoieisis

25. Pappenheimer bodies - sideroblastic

Harlequin Ichthyosis

Harlequin Ichthyosis-
is a rare genetic skin disorder. Infants who are affected by this condition are born with thick, yellow and very hard skin. The skin has large, diamond shaped plates separated by deep fissures. The disorder affects shapes of all the organs.

Mutations in the ABCA12 gene cause the disease.
The ABCA12 protein plays a major role in transporting fats in cells that make up the outermost layer of skin. Severe mutations in the gene lead to absence or partial production of the ABCA12 protein.
This results in lack of lipid transport and as a result the skin development is affected by varying degrees according to the severity of the mutation.

For a baby to inherit this condition, both father and mother, should be carriers of the mutated ABCA12 gene. ( autosomal recessive pattern.)

And guys there is no cure..
The oldest person survived was 23 yer old female and is a mother of two kids. But still it is a fatal condition!

Medinotes :)

PORTAL VEIN

Portal vein is 6-8 cm in length

Occurs by confluence of superior mesentric vein and splenic vein

Runs posterior to common bile duct

Two venous communications between coronary and azygous veins give rise to varices

Approximately it supplies 75%blood flow to the liver

Ligament related to portal vein -hepatoduodenal

Valveless structure

Esophagogastric varices devolop if there is portal HTN

Inc portal pressure-liver damage and bleeding

Normal pressure-  3-5mmhg

PORTAL VEIN

medinotes :)

Practice labour

Braxton hicks contractions!

False labour , prodromal labour,practice labour

1.Sporadic conctration
2.sometimes starts from the from the 6th week of pregnancy
3.mostly felt at 2nd,3,triminster
4. Occurs due to tightning  of the uterine muscles (dehydration may be a cause as it causes spasam of the muscle)
5.not all mothers experince ot

Mednots :)

Hernia :)

inguinal hernia- the intestine or the bladder protrudes through the abdominal wall or into the inguinal canal in the groin. About 96% of all groin hernias are inguinal, and most occur in men because of a natural weakness in this area.

 incisional hernia, the intestine pushes through the abdominal wall at the site of previous abdominal surgery. This type is most common in elderly or overweight people who are inactive after abdominal surgery.

femoral hernia occurs when the intestine enters the canal carrying the femoral artery into the upper thigh. Femoral hernias are most common in women, especially those who are pregnant or obese.

 umbilical hernia, part of the small intestine passes through the abdominal wall near the navel. Common in newborns, it also commonly afflicts obese women or those who have had many children.

hiatus hernia happens when the upper stomach squeezes through the hiatus, an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes.

 and the hernias may be 

Hernias of Abdominal Wall 

Think of the abdomen as a bucket, 0r PAIL that contains the viscera. These are the four groups of hernias:

Pelvic hernias: obturator, perineal, sciatic

Anterior hernias: epigastric, incisional, Spigelian, supravesical,umbilical

Inguinal hernias: indirect, direct, femoral

Lumbar hernias: inferior lumbar triangle (Petit), superior lumbar triangle (Grynfelt)

medinotes :)

FAGET SIGN

The Faget sign — sometimes called sphygmothermic dissociation — is the unusual pairing of fever with bradicardiya (slow pulse). (Fever is usually accompanied by tachycardia,  (rapid pulse), 

Faget sign is often seen in:

• yellow fever
• typhoid fever
• tularemia
• brucellosisi
• colorado tick fever
• Some phnemonias - legionella pneumonia and mycoplasma pneumonia
• Drug Fever (e.g. Beta-Blockers,^[3] known as the Beta-Faget sign)

LIEBERMEISTER RULE

hai guys!!

Liebermeister's rule -
concerns the increment ratio between an adult individual's cardiac frequency and temperature when in fever.

Each Celsius grade of body temperature increment corresponds to an 8 beats per minute increase in cardiac frequency.

An exception to this rule by creating a relative bradycardia is known as Faget sign (pulse-temperature dissociation)

medinotes!:)

I (2) Get Laid On Fridays!!

lumbar plexus 

i (twice) get laid on fridays!!:)

illiohypogastric
illioinguinal (twice i)
genitofemoral
lateal femoral cutaneous
oburator
femoral

medinotes!! :)

EXTERNAL CAROTID AR

hai guys

i will share few dirty mnemonics i heard during 1st year of med school. nd generally found useful coz i remember them sooo easily!!

External carotid artery branches  "Some Aggressive Lovers Find Odd Positions More Stimulating":
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occiptal
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

medinotes:)

DUCK & THE 2 GOOSES

hai guys!!

Thoracic duct: relation to azygous vein and esophagus 

"The duck between 2 gooses":
Thoracic duct (duck) is between 2 gooses, azygous and esophagus.

medinotes:)

 

3 (B) flex ur elbow

haii guyss!! :)

Flexing
Elbow 

Three
 B's 
Bend 
the
 elBow 
Brachialis 
Biceps 
Brachioradialis

medinotes!!

bicipital groove

hai guys!! 
Intertubercular 
Groove-bicipital groove

“ The
 lady 
between
 two 
majors ” 

Teres 
major
 is 
in 
medial 
lip 
of
 groove 
Pectoralis 
major 
is
 on 
lateral
 lip 
Latissimus
(Lady)
is
 on
 floor 
of
 groove 
between
 majors.

it also contains the ascending branch of the anterioi circumflex humoral artery!!

medinotes :)

addisons and cushings!!!

hai guys!!

ADDISONS DISEASE  u need to ADD harmone!!

CUSHINGS SYONDROME u have EXTRA CUSHION of harmone!!

medi notes :)

ORANGE in med

hai guys

this is actually given by my friend!! this might be useful!! 

• .Orange placenta---- syphilis 

• .Orange tonsils --- Tangiers disease

• .peau'd orange appearance--- Ca. breast 

• .Orange discolouration of urine-- dehydration

 

• .Drugs causing orange discoloration of urine--rifampicin, furazolidone, sulfosalazine, Rifabutin ,Entacapone,       Clofazimine  

• .Orange discolouration of skin--carotenodermia 

• .Orange/saffron coloured amniotic fluid-- post maturity 

• .Orange skin cornea is seen in Mustard Gas poisoning used in biological warfare 

• .Orange cylinder - - Cyclopropane 

we can see the orange placenta, tonsils, peau de appearance, urine,carotenderma,amniotic fluid and the mustard gas poisioning :)

medinotes!! :

cleidocranial dysostis

hai guys!!

CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSTOSIS

cleido  =collor bone
cranial= cranium
collor bone and cranium deformities!!

▪congenital, mostly autosomal dominant

▪common feature:
    #clavicle -partly missing or absent.if partly present removed coz of nerve damage.the shoulders droop,shoulders can be approximated anteriorly in frong of chest
    #fontanells closess late or fails to close-a large soft spot
    #bones and joints underdeveloped
    #teeth improper devlopment

a very rare condition. develop about 1 in a million

medinotes!:)

areas of heart auscultation

hey guys!!
found this might be usefu 2 all! :) have a good day

5 AREAS OF HEART AUSCULTATION:

There is an easy way to remember the 5 areas where heart sounds can be heard (ie, 5 areas of auscultatioof heart )

"All People Enjoy Time Magazine"

▪Aortic area: right 2nd intercoastal space upper right
sternal border

▪Pulmonic/Pulmonary area: left 2nd intercoastal space upper left sternal border

▪Erb's point/Secondary aortic area : 3rd intercoastal space left sternal border

▪Tricuspid area: 4th/5th intercoastal space left sternal border

▪Mitral Area: 5th intercoastal space mid clavicular line

medinotes!!

pterygoid muscles

HAI GUYS!!

Pterygoid Muscles

"La" - your jaw is now open, so lateral opens mouth.

"Me"- your jaw is still closed, so medial closes the mouth.

MEDI NOTES  :)

CAPTOPRIL

hey guys!!

the captopril has the side effects CAPTOPRIL!!

C- cough
A- angioedema
P- proteinuria
T- teratogenic
O- hypOtension
P- neuto Penia
R- rashes
I- itching
L- loss of taste sensation

hope this hepld u guys  memorize

medinotes! :)